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Unicode allows the same visual character to be encoded in multiple ways. For example, the letter "é" can be represented as a single precomposed character (NFC form) or as a base letter "e" followed by a combining acute accent mark (NFD form). While both appear identical on screen, they use different underlying code points. LaTeX and pdflatex typically expect precomposed characters (NFC) to work properly with inputenc, even when the document declares UTF-8 encoding.
If you encounter compilation errors with pdflatex despite using \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}, the issue might be decomposed Unicode characters. Common error messages include "Package inputenc Error: Unicode character ... not set up for use with LaTeX," "Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence," or mysterious "Missing character" warnings for characters that appear correctly in your editor. These errors often occur when copying text from web browsers, certain text editors, or collaborative platforms that may produce decomposed Unicode.
How to use this tool: Simply paste your problematic text into the input area or upload your .tex file using the file selector. Click "Normalize" to convert decomposed characters (NFD) to their precomposed equivalents (NFC). The tool will show statistics about how many characters were affected and allow you to download the corrected file. The normalized text should compile cleanly with pdflatex and inputenc without requiring additional packages or special character definitions.
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